shut out

https://youtu.be/xoWMHK4aBzA
I don't know how this happened. I've become locked out of my blog. I changed the title a bit and now I cannot find how to open the blog again to make some changes. this tools part is the only entrance and I am trying to widen it. Ric.



Friday 23 December 2011

Parramatta Female Factory and Girls' Prison.


A women in a blue skirt, naked from the waste up, is led down a set of stairs, her hands bound together, prior to being whipped.  An obese gaoler, key in one hand, stands behind.  A man with a whip can be seen on the right.  There are leering men at a grated window above, and the walls are hung with leg irons.Whippings were part of the curriculum. The custom was 
carried on in the British Tradition.

Parramatta Female Factory 1820s-1870s
Parrametta means in aboriginal dialect "place where the eels go."
BACKGROUND
 The Parramatta Female Factory
The Parramatta Female Factory we see today is the earliest convict women’s site in Australia still in existence. It was a Governor Macquarie initiative and a model for other convict female factories – there were 13 factories all together. It was a hospital, place of assignment to service the NSW colony, a location to request a wife, a place of secondary punishment and a factory producing colonial cloth. Of the 24,960 transported women an estimated 9,000 went through the factory system of which approximately 5,000 went through the Parramatta Female Factory If this number is multiplied by the generations and number of children, this means that an estimated 1 in 5 Australians are related the convict female factory women.
The Australian spirit of tenacity, surviving 

Editor's note: Australia has been a brutal  country throughout its brief history. And the brutality has hardly waned.

Parramatta Girls Home

Parramatta Girls Home has also been known as Parramatta Industrial School for Girls, Girls Training School Parramatta and Girls Training Home. First built by convicts in 1841, Parramatta Training School had been a brutal and cruel institution for the incarceration of young women for more than 125 years. Names like ‘Industrial’ and ‘Training School’ sound innocent enough but don’t be fooled – these were not schools as we know them but prisons where harsh and oppressive conditions were concealed under the guise of child welfare philosophies, to justify their creation.  In 1946, Parramatta Training School for Girls was re-established for the reception, detention, maintenance, discipline, education and training of young women. It then became known as Parramatta Girls’ Home but the name belied its function: it was no home. In reality, it was a prison where young girls were stripped of their dignity and liberties and punished frequently with physical force and threatened with imprisonment in Hay Girls Institution. At just sixteen, Sharyn Killens was sentenced to Parramatta Girls Home. She had committed NO crime. She was a runaway.
Read about Parramatta Girls Home

BUY book about Parramatta Girls Home
Administration entrance
The entrance to Administration
  1. Parramatta Girls Gate 4 - YouTube



    www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGPMtPzo-C48 Oct 2006 - 4 min - Uploaded by artangel22
    Hidden secrets of Parramatta Girls Institution, a place where abuse and humiliations occurred on a daily basis, and its annex ...
  2. Abandon All Hope - a history of Parramatta Girls Home - YouTube



    www.youtube.com/watch?v=O10ETbUE4cI16 Jul 2009 - 3 min - Uploaded by artangel22
    Abandon All Hope is the first documented history of the Parramatta Girls Home - a project made possible through the ...
  3. Growing up in Parramatta Girls Homenma.gov.au/blogs/inside/.../growing-up-in-parramatta-girls-home/

    2 Mar 2011 – Maree summarises the history of the Parramatta Female Factory Precinct and her experiences at Parramatta Girls Home when she was aged 16.


    Jennifer

    My grandmother, Rebecca, was born around 1890. She lived with her tribal people, parents and relations around the Kempsey area. Rebecca was the youngest of a big family. One day some religious people came, they thought she was a pretty little girl. She was a full blood aborigine about five years old. Anyway those people took her to live with them.
    Rebecca could not have been looked after too well. At the age of fourteen she gave birth to my mother Grace and later on Esther, Violet and May. She married my grandfather Laurie and at the age of twenty-three she died from TB.
    Grandfather took the four girls to live with their Aunty and Uncle on their mother's side. Grandfather worked and supported the four girls.
    Mum said in those days the aboriginals did not drink. She often recalled going to the river and her Uncle spearing fish and diving for cobbler. Mum had eaten kangaroo, koala bear, turtles and porcupine. She knew which berries were edible, we were shown by her how to dig for yams and how to find witchetty grubs. My mother also spoke in several aboriginal languages she knew as a small girl. The aboriginals had very strict laws and were decent people. They were kind and had respectable morals. Even though the girls fretted for their mother they felt secure with their own people.
    Years later Grandfather told my mother a policeman came to his work with papers to sign. The girls were to be placed in Cootamundra Home where they would be trained to get a job when they grew up. If grandfather didn't sign the papers he would go to jail and never come out, this was around 1915.
    My grandfather was told he was to take the four girls by boat to Sydney. The girls just cried and cried and the relations were wailing just like they did when Granny Rebecca had died.
    In Sydney my mother and Esther were sent by coach to Cootamundra. Violet and May were sent to the babies' home at Rockdale. Grace and Esther never saw their sister Violet again. She died at Waterfall Hospital within two years from TB.
    My mother was to wait twenty years before she was to see her baby sister May again.
    Cootamundra in those days was very strict and cruel. The home was overcrowded. Girls were coming and going all the time. The girls were taught reading, writing and arithmetic. All the girls had to learn to scrub, launder and cook.
    Mum remembered once a girl who did not move too quick. She was tied to the old bell post and belted continuously. She died that night, still tied to the post, no girl ever knew what happened to the body or where she was buried.
    Aunty Esther was a big girl for her age, so she was sent out as a cook to work at twelve years of age. Mum being of smaller build was sent out as children's nurse at fourteen. She had responsibility for four young children; one only a baby for 24 hours a day. Mum said they used to put girls ages up if they were big for their age and send them out to work on properties. Some girls were belted and sexually abused by their masters and sent to the missions to have their babies. Some girls just disappeared never to be seen or heard of again.
    Eventually after several years Mum was sent to Rose Bay to work. Whilst in Sydney she met her sister Esther who was working in the Chatswood area. As far as I know neither Mum or Aunt Esther ever got paid for those hard working years under the Board.
    My mother often recalled the joyous time Aunty May came to Kempsey to see her sisters and father. The three young women hugged one another and cried with happiness and sadness for their sister and their mother.
    Early one morning in November 1952 ...
    Early one morning in November 1952 the manager from Burnt Bridge Mission came to our home with a policeman. I could hear him saying to Mum, 'I am taking the two girls and placing them in Cootamundra Home'. My father was saying, 'What right have you?'. The manager said he can do what he likes, they said my father had a bad character (I presume they said this as my father associated with Aboriginal people). They would not let us kiss our father goodbye, I will never forget the sad look on his face. He was unwell and he worked very hard all his life as a timber-cutter. That was the last time I saw my father, he died within two years after.
    We were taken to the manager's house at Burnt Bridge. Next morning we were in court. I remember the judge saying, 'These girls don't look neglected to me'. The manager was saying all sorts of things. He wanted us placed in Cootamundra Home. So we were sent away not knowing that it would be five years before we came back to Kempsey again.
    Mum used to write to us every week. Sometimes it would be 2 months before we received the letters, of course they were opened and read first. Sometimes parts would be torn out of the letters by matron or whoever was in charge.
    Cootamundra was so different from the North Coast, it was cold and dry. I missed the tall timbers and all the time I was away there was this loneliness inside of me. I had often thought of running away but Kate was there and I was told to always look after her. I had just turned eleven and Kate was still only seven. I often think now of Cootamundra as a sad place, I think of thousands of girls who went through that home, some girls that knew what family love was and others that never knew; they were taken away as babies.
    Some of the staff were cruel to the girls. Punishment was caning or belting and being locked in the box-room or the old morgue. Matron had her pets and so did some of the staff. I look back now and see we were all herded together like sheep and each had to defend themselves and if you didn't you would be picked on by somebody that didn't like you, your life would be made a misery. I cannot say from my memories Cootamundra was a happy place.
    In the home on Sundays we often went to two different churches, hymns every Sunday night. The Seventh Day Adventist and Salvation Army came through the week. With all the different religions it was very confusing to find out my own personal and religious beliefs throughout my life.
    My mother sent us a new outfit every change of season, we only received one parcel. The matron kept our clothes and distributed them to her pets. In winter it was icy cold and for the first time in my life I didn't have socks to wear to school.
    One day the matron called me to her office.
    One day the matron called me to her office. She said it was decided by the Board that Kate and myself were to go and live with a lady in a private house. The Board thought we were too 'white' for the home. We were to be used as an experiment and if everything worked out well, more girls would be sent later on.
    We travelled all day long. We didn't know what place we were going to, all I knew was we were going further and further away from home. Late afternoon we stopped at this house in Narromine. There lived Mrs S., her son and at weekends her husband Lionel.
    The twenty months Kate and I spent at Narromine were honestly the worst time of my childhood life. I often thought I would not survive long enough ever to see my mother again.
    The Scottish woman hated me because I would not call her 'Mum'. She told everyone I was bad.
    She made us stay up late sewing, knitting and darning that pillowcase full of endless socks. Often we weren't allowed to bed till after 11 p.m. I was always late for school, the headmaster used to greet me with 'Good afternoon Jennifer'. Mrs S. did not allow me to do homework, therefore my schoolwork suffered and myself - a nervous wreck.
    When I was thirteen years old Mrs S. called this middle-aged male doctor to the house and said she wanted an internal examination of me. That was terribly shameful for me, I will not say anymore. During the time [with her] I was belted naked repeatedly, whenever she had the urge. She was quite mad. I had to cook, clean, attend to her customers' laundry. I was used and humiliated. The Board knew she was refused anymore white children yet they sent us there.
    Near the end of our stay she got Mr F. from Dubbo to visit. She tried to have me put in Parramatta Girls' Home. By this time I knew other people had complained to the Board. Mr F. asked me if I wanted to go to a white home or back to Cootamundra. So a couple of days later we were back in the Home. It was hard to believe we had gotten away from that woman.
    It wasn't long after we were back at the Home and Matron called me to her office. She wanted to know what had happened at Narromine. I told her everything. She said the experiment did not work and she would write to the Board for fear they would send more girls out. It did not do any good though because more than half the girls were fostered out over the next three years. Some of the girls were sexually abused, belted and called names by their foster parents. Of course the brainwashing continued about Aboriginals being lazy, dirty and of low intelligence going nowhere.
    In December 1957 our mother finally got us home.
    In December 1957 our mother finally got us home. She was the first Aboriginal to move into a Commission house. My mother died four years later, she suffered high blood pressure, she was 54 years old. It was fight all the way to survive because she was born an Aboriginal.
    I still can't see why we were taken away from our home. We were not neglected, we wore nice clothes, we were not starving. Our father worked hard and provided for us and we came from a very close and loving family.
    I feel our childhood has been taken away from us and it has left a big hole in our lives.
    ..................................
    The experiences of the children of the 'stolen generation' depended greatly on where they were sent. Their destination was largely dependent on their skin colour. Lighter-skinned children were adopted or fostered out to white-Australian homes or non-Indigenous institutions. Many other children were sent to church homes which included Boystown and Marella. Government institutions such as Kinchela Boys' Home and Cootamundra Girls' Home also took in children who were taken from their families. By the late 1930s, the number of children being removed placed pressure on the need for more institutions to be established. Without enough funds to do this, Indigenous children who were deemed 'uncontrollable' became the responsibility of the Child Welfare Department and were usually sent a State corrective institution, such as Parramatta Girls' Home or Mount Penang.
    While some 'stolen children' have fond memories of their adoptive parents or their times in church missions, a greater number of them suffered a sharply contrast experience. Those who were sent to State institutions were particularly affected by harsh and severe conditions, especially those who were sent to Kinchela Boys' Home on the New South Wales' Mid North Coast. In an enquiry in 1935, it was found that the treatment of many boys at Kinchela was often to the point of extreme cruelty. Reports show that a stockwhip was often used on the boys, that they were often tied up and even starved, all as methods of 'discipline' which were imposed by the superintendents. Aside from physical abuse many of the children, both at Kinchela and other places, were subjected to sexual abuse and consequently felt humiliated and ashamed. 
    In an attempt to completely sever connections with the Indigenous community the children were not allowed to speak native languages nor perform rituals and traditions. Instead, their education, if they received any at all, was from teachers who were not even qualified. It usually involved reading the Bible or learning patriotic stories of British heroes. Like most institutions for the Indigenous children, rather than focus on education, the ability to work in labouring or domestic jobs was considered more important. Kinchela required the boys to work long hours on the reserve's dairy and vegetable farms. They were later sent at around 14 years of age to work for little money or sometimes even just food and board, as rural labourers on nearby properties. In a similar way, girls at Cootamundra were often trained as domestic servants and later sent to work for white families. Girls of the 'stolen generation' were particularly socialised to view Aboriginal people, particularly Aboriginal men, as inferior. Cootamundra, like many other institutions for girls, encouraged them to 'act like white people' with the hope that they would marry a white Australian man and that their Aboriginal heritage would subsequently diminish.

    The aftermath

    During the time when Indigenous children were being taken from their homes, it was a commonly held belief that the government was doing what was in the 'best interest' of the children. However, the children of the 'stolen generation' have since grown into adults and Australian society has continued to see the tragic repercussions. Many of them feel that without ever having had the chance to know their family and their cultural heritage, they have lost a part of their identity. Some Aboriginal people who have tried to return to their Aboriginal communities felt that they did not fit in, because they were unfamiliar with Aboriginal society. However, many also felt that they were not accepted in white society either. This has resulted in much of the 'stolen generation' suffering mental and emotional damage which in turn, has led to higher rates of depression, crime, violence, abuse of alcohol and drugs and also suicide. It is also common for many of them to have an inability to trust people, particularly officials and authorities, as well as to have feelings of low self esteem and insecurity. It is not just the 'stolen generation' who are affected. Many indigenous Australians who were removed from their homes at a young age and were without a model for parenthood are now having difficulty in raising their own children.
    Recognising that the 'stolen generation' was faced with a number of problems, in the 1980s an Aboriginal organisation called Link-Up was established. Its aim was to assist those Indigenous Australians who had been removed, to meet their family again and to work through issues that they may have suffered.
    In recent times, the issue of the 'stolen generation' has become a hotly-debated topic, with a number of studies and reports being published. Recent statistics support the general notion that the Aboriginal people who were removed as children were not only no better off than those who continued to grow up in their Aboriginal communities, but in fact were less likely to have completed high school and three times more likely to have a police record. It is reports such as these that have sparked a national debate and generated much media attention.
    In 1992, the first formal acknowledgment of the 'stolen generation' and the ignorance and prejudice behind the policy was offered by the Australian Prime Minister, Paul Keating. This led the way for the 1995 formal enquiry. However, it was quickly followed by controversy when the Howard government replaced the Keating government. Later, the Howard government expressed their regret for the occurrences.
    In 2000, the Aboriginal Affairs Minister, John Herron, was forced to apologise to those who were offended by his report to parliament which questioned whether it was even a 'stolen generation' at all. He made his claim based on the grounds that the findings suggested that only ten percent of Indigenous children were removed and that this did not constitute an entire generation.
    On 13 February 2008, as the first action of the new government, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd offered an official apology to the 'stolen generation'.
    It is through the popular fiction novel and film Rabbit-Proof Fence, the Walk for Reconciliation in 2000 and the annual National Sorry Day which was first held in 1998, that the 'stolen generation' continues to be recognised and acknowledged in Australian society. While nothing can ever be done to completely repair the damage to the countless families which were, and still are, disrupted as an effect of the 'stolen generation' it is through steps such as these that we can ensure nothing like this will ever happen again in Australia. 
    http://avaxnews.com/educative/Australian_Aborigines.html
    These girls happy in their native Arnhem Land free from Australia's notorious prison camp system for aborigines,such as still extant on Palm Id Q.


Thursday 22 December 2011

The Britain convicts that left was harsh and austere..


A London Hanging, 1726

Hanging was the principle method of judicial execution in England from the 1700s until capital punishment was abolished in 1964. Hanging could be the sentence for numerous crimes ranging from burglary to murder. Until 1868, when the procedure was moved in-doors, a hanging was a public event that attracted curious crowds and generated a carnival atmosphere. The intent of this gruesome public display was to deter criminal behavior for all who witnessed it.
Hangings in the London judicial area were usually performed at the village of Tyburn just outside the city on the road to Oxford. Eight "hanging days" were scheduled during the year assuring that the event would involve a number of victims.
"The bodies and clothes of the dead belong to the executioner."
A visiting Frenchman reveals his observations of eighteenth century England's judicial system. . .
"Criminals are not executed immediately after their trial, as they are abroad, but are given several days to prepare for death. During that time they may ask for anything that they require either for the soul or for the body. The chaplain of the prison (for there is one) does not leave them, and offers every consolation in his power. The day before the execution those who desire it may receive the sacrament, provided the chaplain thinks that they have sincerely repented and are worthy of it.
On the day of execution the condemned prisoners, wearing a sort of white linen shirt over their clothes and a cap on their heads, are tied two together and placed on carts with their backs to the horses' tails. These carts are guarded and surrounded by constables and other police officers on horseback, each armed with a sort of pike. In this way part of the town is crossed, and Tyburn, which is a good half-mile from the last suburb, is reached, and here stands the gibbet.
One often sees criminals going to their death perfectly unconcerned, others so impenitent that they fill themselves full of liquor and mock at those who are repentant. When all the prisoners arrive at their destination they are to mount on a very wide cart made expressly for the purpose, a cord is passed round their necks and the end fastened to the gibbet, which is not very high.

An Eighteenith Century English Hanging
The chaplain who accompanies the condemned men is also on the cart; he makes pray and sings a few verses of the Psalms. Relatives are permitted to mount the cart and take farewell. When the time is up - that is to about a quarter of an hour - the chaplain and relations get off the cart, the executioner covers the eyes and faces of the prisoners with their caps lashes the horses that draw the cart, which slips from under the condemned men's feet, and in this way they remain all hanging together. You often see friends and relations tugging at the hanging men's feet so that they should die quicker not suffer.
The bodies and clothes of the dead belong to the executioner; relatives must, if they wish for them, buy them from him, and unclaimed bodies are sold to surgeons to be dissected. You see most amusing scenes between the people who do not like the bodies to be cut and the messengers the surgeons have sent for bodies; blows are given and returned before they can be got away, and sometimes in the turmoil the bodies are quickly removed and buried.
There is no other form of execution but hanging; it is thought that the taking of life is sufficient punishment for any crime without worse torture. After hanging murderers are, however, punished in a particular fashion. They are first hung on the common gibbet, their bodies are then covered with tallow and fat substances, over this is placed a tarred shirt fastened down with iron bands, and the bodies are hung with chains to the gibbet, which is erected on the spot, or as near as possible to the place, where the crime was committed, and there it hangs till it falls to dust. This is what is called in this country to 'hang in chains'."

Wednesday 21 December 2011

Mary Wade Aged 10



Convict Transportation to Australia - Mary Wade Aged 10


Mary Wade: Sentenced to Hang – Aged 10.

Although today we are sadly accustomed to hearing of terrible crimes against children, we do not expect the law itself to threaten their lives. A judicial system in 21st Century Britain that would sentence a 10-year-old girl to death would be unthinkable. But this was not always the case.
Crime or Prank?
Ten year old Mary had been spending her time begging and sweeping the streets when, on 5 October 1788, an act of desperation or a momentary prank would change her life forever. Mary and her friend, Jane Whiting aged 13, physically assaulted another child, 8-year-old Mary Phillips, who had gone out to fill a bottle with water for her Mother, Jane Forward. Breaking her bottle, they took her into the ‘necessary’ (lavatories) and stripped her of her clothes. They told her to wait there while a friend went to get her another bottle. Mary and Jane then made off with her cotton frock, linen cap and her linen tippet (a strip of material worn around the shoulders and hanging down in front), immediately pawning the dress for 18 pence in Mr Wright’s Pawnbrokers shop in the Almonry. The items were valued at three shillings and four pence in total, and were the property of John Forward, Mary’s father.
Hard Times
The latter half of the 18th Century was a difficult time for children and adults alike. The population of Europe had doubled since 1450 and unemployment in Britain was increasing. Soldiers back from the Anglo-French wars were looking for jobs that did not exist. Many ended up begging on the streets and resorting to drink. Others took jobs traditionally performed by women, but this lead to an increase in the number of single, homeless and out-of-work women. A rise in prostitution, theft and petty crime were the inevitable result.
In order to raise enough money to eat it was not uncommon for people to rent rooms, sub-let the bed to someone slightly worse off than themselves, and then pawn all the furniture. Prisons were overflowing and the American Revolution meant that convicts could no longer be sent to the American colonies. These were the conditions under which Londoners George Wade, who worked as a drover, and his wife Mary English tried to raise their daughter; Mary Wade.
The Trial
It appears that Mary’s actions on this day were not an isolated incident. At the subsequent Old Bailey trial, a joint trial for both Mary and Jane, held on 14 January 1789, it was revealed that Mary Wade had previously stripped a child and ‘chucked her in the ditch’ although at that time she was too young to be prosecuted. Neither did she seem repentant over Mary Phillips, since Catherine McKillan, a witness at the trial, reported Mary as saying: ‘I was in a good mind to have chucked her down the necessary and I wish I had done so’.
Mary’s mother was told by the Lord Chief Barron that he hoped she would take better care of her other children, ‘or else they will all come to the gallows’. She blamed Jane Whiting for leading Mary astray. Baron then addressed the petty jury saying, ‘ the tender years of these persons may be a circumstance to be attended to in other views: but….I think it would be a dangerous thing to society …to lower the offence at all below the rank of actual robbery, …and not larceny.’ Mary was duly found guilty by the jury, and received the sentence applicable: Death by hanging.
Newgate Prison
Mary would have spent the spring of 1789 eating bread and water in a stinking Newgate Prison cell, surrounded by thieves, drunkards and prostitutes, as she awaited her fate. There were three female cells, each accommodating over 50 women. There were no beds or lavatories in the cells, but you could rent a blanket if you could afford one. The lack of food and hygiene meant that disease and illness quickly spread amongst the inmates.
Why was Mary sentenced to death for such a petty crime? The range of sentences available to the courts at the time was very narrow. Capital offences included rape, arson, and theft of items valued at more that 39 shillings. However, other aggravating circumstances could mean that stealing items valued at more than one shilling became capital crimes. The system, which had built up over many years, was completely inadequate when trying to sentence for differing and varied crimes. The Judges would often go through the motions of sentencing prisoners to death, knowing that at the end of the sessions they would submit a list of capital convicts to the Crown recommending mercy in the form of conditional pardons, usually ‘transportation to parts beyond the seas’. There being no court of appeal, the monarch held the royal prerogative of mercy, exercised in practise through the Home Secretary. In fact, between 1781 and 1790, 1188 people were sentenced to death at the Old Bailey, but only 501 were actually executed; 57.5% being pardoned.
Conditional Pardon
On 17 April 1789 the Recorder of London, James Adair, wrote to Lord Sydney the Home Secretary, enclosing a list of 26 female convicts all of whom he humbly recommended to his Majesty’s pardon. Mary Wade is number 21 on the list, and Adair recommends a pardon on condition she is transported for life. Jane Whiting is 22nd in the list, also recommended for transportation for life. He adds that ‘if the pardons are received in time sentence of transportation shall be passed upon them at the sessions which begins on Wednesday next; after which they may be sent off whenever it suits the convenience of Government.’ HO 47/9 f. 12-15.
It is at this point that James Adair could have used his discretion to recommend transportation for 7 or 14 years, or even perhaps a free pardon due to Mary’s age or circumstances, and there was a good chance that the Home Secretary would have rubber stamped it. But on that particular day Adair chose to seal Mary’s fate by banishing her from the Kingdom.
And so it was that , on Wednesday 22 April Mary and Jane were brought with 6 other women from the cells and put to the Bar, where the Recorder of London informed them that his Majesty’s pardon was granted to them on the following conditions, viz. ‘To be transported during the terms of their lives’.
Mary’s relief that she would not now be executed would have been short lived as she realised that she would never see her parents again. She was to sail to Port Jackson, New South Wales, on the Lady Juliana convict ship, one of the five ships that comprised only the second fleet to sail to the new land of Australia.
A New Life Begins
The Lady Juliana had been waiting in the Thames for 6 months for female convicts from prisons all over England. Those from the country gaols arrived in irons which had to be broken off by John Nicol, the ship’s Steward and Cooper by trade, since they were riveted, not locked. The ship finally sailed, after moving down to Portsmouth, on 29 July 1789, taking somewhere between 222 and 244 female convicts (exact figures differ depending on the sources used.)
Mary Wade, would have grown up fast on board the ship, and conditions were a vast improvement on the cells of Newgate. They had reasonable victuals, a warm bed, and some were given certain responsibilities, one being Shepherdess to the 73 sheep and 1 ram on board. The Captain, Robert Aitkin, allowed the women to wear their own clothes once they had left England, and in many respects the crew and the convicts worked as a team on their voyage together. Each member of the crew soon took a wife from the convicts, and rules on board appear to have been very relaxed.
Adventures
The year-long journey to New South Wales, 13000 miles away, would in itself have been an adventure for Mary. She would have learned more in those 12 months than she had done in her previous 11 years put together. She would have seen things in countries she had never heard of, nor could she have dreamed of living in the dirty streets of Westminster. Their first stop, a month after leaving Portsmouth was at Santa Cruz, Tenerife. They stocked up on provisions, and visitors were allowed on board. In fact one convict bought a cask of wine and loaded it on the ship with the permission of the government agent, Thomas Edgar. Some of the Jewish convicts on board obtained crucifixes and pretended to be Roman Catholics, receiving many presents from the islanders for the journey ahead as a result.
There were many characters on board the ship, and Mary would have witnessed many strange sites. One convict named Nance Farrel would deliberately misbehave in order to be locked up in the hold. The crew could not understand why, until the remains of a supply of liguor was discovered in the hold, and an alternative punishment had to be found. John Nicol was asked to cut holes in the sides and top of a barrel, and when Nance played up again, instead of confining her in the hold she was fitted into the barrel. At first she thought it great fun, wagging her head from side to side like a turtle, and capering about the deck, but after a few hours the novelty wore off. She could not sit or lie down, and Thomas Edger would only release her after she begged his pardon and promised to amend her ways in future.
Rio de Janeiro
The Lady Juliana spent 8 weeks at Rio de Janeiro taking on supplies of coffee and sugar, and allowing the convicts to benefit from the constant stream of visitors that made their way on board for female company. While they were there a number of babies were born to the women, and a birthing tent of sorts was strung up on the deck.
The Cape
The next leg of the journey was the 50-day trip across the Atlantic to Cape Town, Southern Africa. Mary would have stood on the deck as the majestic Table Mountain came into sight. More supplies were taken on board during their two-week stay, and at one point the ship caught fire when a carpenter knocked over a boiling pot of pitch. As the flames rose Mary and the other women shrieked and ran about the deck, but the fire was soon brought under control.
Whilst they rested at the Cape the crew discovered that the supply ship Guardian, which had been taking desperately needed provisions, and 25 convicts, to New South Wales, had hit an iceberg 1300 miles off the coast on Christmas Eve. Some of the crew had abandoned the Guardian in lifeboats, never to be seen again. The ship itself had managed to limp slowly and rudderless back to the Cape, where any stores that had not been jettisoned were transferred to the Lady Juliana for the rest of the journey. Interestingly, of the 20 surviving convicts from the Guardian that reached Australia, 14 of them received conditional pardons from the Governor of the colony for their good conduct.
A New Home
At last, on 3 June 1790, almost a year since she left England, Mary Wade now 11 years old, arrived with the other convicts within site of Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, New South Wales. Only 5 women and two children had died during the journey, and those that survived were in better shape than when they had left England. On 6 June they were towed into port, passed Bennelong Point, named after the first aboriginal to speak English, and the spot where Sydney Opera House would be opened 183 years later. The Lady Juliana docked at the foot of the Governor’s garden, his house being the only decent brick built building in the colony.
The colonists had been expecting the Guardian, a ship laden with food, tools and other supplies. What they got was a ship laden with ‘a cargo so unnecessary and unprofitable as two hundred and twenty two females’ as the mortified Judge Advocate Collins wrote to Lord Sydney. Nevertheless the women were a popular cargo amongst the men of the colony, and most were assigned to free men as house servants.
Norfolk Island
To relieve the pressure on Sydney Cove Governor Phillip decided that some convicts would be sent to Norfolk Island, a lush island (Captain Cook described it as ‘a Paradise’), but with a dangerous coral reef coastline. Mary Wade was among those that made the journey on board the Surprise in August 1789. It was here that Mary gave birth to her first daughter, Sarah Wade, in 1793. Mary was only 14 years old, and the father is thought to be Teague Harrigan, an Irish convict who arrived on the Salamander in August 1791.
They had a second child in 1795, William, and Mary is still shown to be with Teague in the 1800 Settlers Muster Book, living again in Sydney, this time in a tent. They had a third child together, Edward, before Teague finally left her to join a whaling ship in 1806.
Family Life
By 1809 Mary had set up home with Jonathan Brooker, a furniture maker from Bermondsey, transported for 7 years for theft, and who had arrived on the Atlantic in August 1791. They lived near the majestic Hawkesbury River, outside Sydney, an area today surrounded by National Parks and renowned for its natural beauty.
Mary is known to have had a total of 21 children, 7 of whom went on to have her grandchildren. She and Jonathan were emancipated c. 1812, and took ownership of a 30-acre farm in Airds, Campbelltown in 1822. A bush fire destroyed everything they owned the following year, but by 1828 they had recovered, owning 62 acres in Illawara where they lived happily until Jonathan’s death in 1833 aged 76. His gravestone can be seen in St Peter’s Church graveyard, Campbelltown.
Mary’s Resting Place
Finally, 26 years later at the age of 80, after having endured many hardships and adventures, Mary herself died on 17 December 1859. Her funeral was the first to be held in the local Church of England church, St. Paul’s Fairy Meadow, the land on which it stood having been donated by one of Mary’s sons. She was buried in the Old Church of England cemetery, which in 1940 was renamed Pioneer Rest Park, Wollongong.
Little did the Lord Chief Baron know that in sentencing Mary to death 70 years earlier, he was doing her the biggest favour she was ever to receive in her long and eventful life.
Bibliography:
  • The Life and Adventours of John Nicol, Mariner, Ed. Tim Flannery (Cannongate Books Ltd, 2000)
  • The Floating Brothel, Sian Rees (Headline, 2001)
  • The Convict Ships, 1787-1868, Charles Bateson (Library of Australian History, 1988)
  • The Crimes of the Lady Juliana Convicts – 1790, John Cobley (Library of Australian History, 1989)
  • The Second Fleet Convicts, Ed. R J Ryan BA (Australian Documents Library, Sydney, 1982)
Original Documents
  • Old Bailey Proceedings
  • HO 47/9 – Judges reports on Criminals
  • CO 202/5 - Letters from Secretary of State (despatches): commissions, instructions, etc
  • CO 207/9 - Alphabetical list of convicts with particulars 1788-1825
  • HO 10/2 - Settlers and Convicts Lists
  • CO 201/4 - New South Wales Original Correspondence, Port Jackson
  • HO 11/1- Convict Transportation Registers , Convicts transported
  • 1800 Settlers Muster Book, (Ref: Safe 1/104-5, New South Wales, Parliamentary Library)

Daisy Bates.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(Australia)
Daisy bates and a group of women circa 1911.
File:Daisy may bates.jpg

free university lectures online

http://home.comcast.net/~plutarch/lectures.html(copy and paste on Google search)



Those people who think they know everything are a great annoyance to those of us who do. (Isaac Asimov)


braz

جوس اند عربس ار بيج ذي برفت وص above:Shearing of the Rams by Tom Roberts.
The Bushwackers Band - Shores Of Botany Bay3:18
1940 Australian Troops in the Desert 3 min - 2 Jul 2008 Uploaded by skoblinI youtube.com
The Desert Rats Theatrical Trailer Video!! 3 min - 28 Jul 2009 Uploaded by libyathebest
Shores of Botany Bay.
click photo.

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Boer war (Sth African) War Memorial
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Please note: Some internet providers including Internet Explorer and even Firefox seem to delete aspects of my blogs. I have found only one, CHROME to be satisfactory.Please down load CHROME in a couple of minutes (free). thank you (Ric)

10176 Hula dancers.Station Logo
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Australian Outback magazine.

Blog Archive

see this acrobat girl video. she is the best!

scroll down the page to see the video.
also these cute hula dancers


illust: Marion Westmacott ©ANBG
.
driving sydney roads, you tube time-lapse.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Co7qQSkrhM
Australia's Red Centre, time-lapse.
.......
Tokyo rush hour.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0A9-oUoMug&feature=related
kangaroo versus dingo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdT5vRMvEig&feature=channel
Cooke, Edward William, 1811-1880. Prison-ship in Portsmouth Harbour, convicts going aboard [picture]
Home
Prison Hulk holding prisoners to be sent to Sydney Cove.
First Fleet Marine's, Ship's crews and officials in one spot
Settlement (European) began 26th January 1788 here in a place described as
" The closest thing to hell with out being There"
Home




http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t9Czg2O8Ybg/TZa7990_cfI/AAAAAAAAFYI/Uoxu-q4nPbQ/s1600/botany+bay.jpg

Tie me kangaroo down on the barbie.When he stops jumping, the steaks's ready.

Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport - Sang by Rolf Harris 02:59

free alien animationFree Animationsanimatehttp://www.creativemeat.com/tag/free-music-synthesizer/




australian drinking beer fosters animated gif
Have a beer, mate! We got barbecued crocodile on the menu tomorrow and gutted galah on Wednesday. All kinds of tucker for the sophisticated bushie. DEAD SNAKE SNACK BAR, King's Bloody Cross.
Dedicated to William Nash and Maria Haynes, First Fleet arrivals to Sydney Cove, 1788.

( You did a good job, gr gr gr gr grandma, and grandpa)


above: Braidwood, N.S.W. where my father Hector Williams was born

in Feb, 1909.

.
Sarah Williams (nee Nash) first generation daughter of William Nash and Maria Haynes.
Prince of Wales, the ship of the fleet William and Maria came on.
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http://firstfleet.uow.edu.au/stories.htmlThe Scream
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australian flag picture
Call me (Canada) 1* 604 800 5017
Or email me c.wok66@Hotmail.com



'Ric W

illiams, blog editor.

Welcome. Give your considered opinion, ideas , stories, photos etc about early pioneer Australia.. 'Ric Williams

Do you know?

Weird Australia.
Crimes punishable by transportation included recommending that politicians get paid, starting a union, stealing fish from a river or pond, embezzlement, receiving or buying stolen goods, setting fire to underwood, petty theft, or being suspected of supporting Irish terrorism.

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IRIS Seismic monitor:
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This website is edited from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Fishing Boats Steveston, B.C.
Click to enlarge.

Use Google CHROME for best results.
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Call me (Canada) 1* 604 800 5017
Or email me c.wok66@Hotmail.com
Ric Williams.
please feel free to browse my web pages
ORIGINAL SITE OF WILLIAMS FAMILY STORIES:
Backwater, Murray River.
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http://www.fellowshipfirstfleeters.org.au/ship_princewales.htm

The Sirius - the Sailing Ship Captain Arthur Phillip Travelled in to Australia.



australian flag picture
Please contribute old photos, stories etc.....cwok.williams6@gmail.com

illust: Marion Westmacott ©ANBG
Sydney-Harbour Time Lapse
Older Posts

Ric Williams, blog editor Home

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First Fleet

Independent Archives

Day In a Page

Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat


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Dear Sir or Madam,
We would greatly appreciate if you can add our website link to your highly ranked website -

http://williamsfamilyfirstfleeters.blogspot.com/ with the following information -

Title= Australian Newspapers
URL= http://www.w3newspapers.com/australia/

Or
Title= Australian Magazines
URL= http://www.w3newspapers.com/australia/magazines/

Best Regards,
Webmaster
www.w3newspapers.com

Discover Channel Science:

http://www.discoverychannel.ca/Showpage.aspx?sid=13287


Dutch, Allard map 1690.

The Outback


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Australian Outback .


"Long before it's in the papers"
June 04, 2013

RETURN TO THE WORLD SCIENCE HOME PAGE


Move elephants into Australia, scientist proposes

Feb. 1, 2012
Courtesy of Nature
and World Science staff

Aus­tral­ia may need an in­fu­sion of ele­phants and oth­er large mam­mals to solve its per­sist­ent ec­o­log­i­cal and wild­fire prob­lems, a sci­ent­ist pro­poses.

Ecol­o­gist Da­vid Bow­man of the Uni­vers­ity of Tas­ma­nia in Aus­tral­ia cites out-of-con­trol fires and bur­geon­ing fe­ral-animal popula­t­ions as quan­daries af­flict­ing the Land Down Un­der. Both could be solved by in­tro­duc­ing large mam­mals, as well as pay­ing ab­o­rig­i­nal hunters to con­trol the fe­ral an­i­mals and re­store the old prac­tice of patch burn­ing, he ar­gues. Patch burn­ing is a form of con­trolled burn­ing in­tend­ed to clean out and re­new bio­lo­gical re­sources.

“I real­ize that there are ma­jor risks as­so­ci­at­ed with what I am propos­ing,” as any tin­ker­ing with the en­vi­ron­ment can lead to un­planned con­se­quenc­es, said Bow­ma­n. “But the usu­al ap­proaches to ma­n­ag­ing these is­sues aren’t work­ing.”

Bow­man de­scribes his idea in this week’s is­sue of the re­search jour­nalNa­ture.

Feb. 7 will mark the three-year an­ni­ver­sa­ry of “Black Sat­ur­day,” when nearly 200 peo­ple died in a mas­sive fire­storm in south­ern Aus­tral­ia. Fires are a con­stant con­cern in the con­ti­nent, said Bow­ma­n, but so are its thriv­ing popula­t­ions of fe­ral pigs, camels, hors­es and cat­tle, among oth­ers.

Bow­man pro­poses to ma­n­age Aus­tral­ia’s trou­bled ec­o­sys­tem by in­tro­duc­ing beasts such as ele­phants, rhi­noc­er­os and even Ko­modo drag­ons. These would help con­sume flam­ma­ble grasses and con­trol fe­ral-animal popula­t­ions, he ar­gues.

The larg­est liv­ing land mam­mal na­tive to Aus­tral­ia is the red kan­ga­roo, which as an adult weighs about as much as an av­er­age ma­n. Larg­er mam­mals used to roam the con­ti­nent—such as a hippo-sized mar­su­pi­al re­lat­ed to the wom­bat and called di­pro­to­don, from the Great Ice Age—but they are no more.

The de­lib­er­ate in­tro­duc­tion by hu­ma­ns of po­pu­lations of over­sized, non-na­tive mam­mals to a new conti­nent would be un­prec­e­dent­ed in modern times. One group, though, has pro­posed in­tro­duc­ing large Af­ri­can mam­mals in­to the Great Plains of the Un­ited States, for some­what diff­erent rea­sons than those moti­vating Bow­man.

Australian Outback Photo Gallery







Australian National Ballet

Queensland: Birdsville
4 min - 19 Aug 2009
vimeo.com

BIRDSVILLE OUTBACK HORSERACING


..........................................
Carol Baxter is my distant cousin. She has not directly contributed to this weblog, and has not ever in fact acknowledged its existence, but because of the valuable information I received from reading her website about our family, I am very indebted to her.
Another family website helped me considerably. This was "Our Williams Story" by another distant cousin, Kieran Williams
Our Williams Story
I am heartened by the many emerging websites about the descendants of William Nash and Maria Haynes.
Then there are the many threads from Monaro Pioneers.
Thank you for all the sources.
I am hoping that when I am no longer able to continue (being nearly 79) that someone else wll pick up the ball and continue my blog.Of course I have included my political views and my non-religious attitudes because they are part of me and readers do not have to accept them, but may actually learn a little from them.


Cedric
H.Williams.(Ric)




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Monaro Pioneers newsletter



illust: Marion Westmacott ©ANBG
SHIPS TO AUSTRALIA


http://www.coraweb.com.au/shipcrew.htm.

The view west from Geilston Bay.Tas.July, 2010..click to enlarge.


new look at aussie historyYoda looks tough over the orchestra. StarWarsinconcert.com
Cobb and co. coach out of Ballarat.

very top...Painting of original first fleet leaving England in 1787 (Jonathan King)

http://radiotime.com/affiliate/a_33300/station/NPR_Radio_Stations.aspxnational public radio stations

This site works best with Chrome or Firefox.

descendants of John Williams sen.

The Bushwackers Band - Shores Of Botany Bay
3:18
4,032 views

put in any address and this map will find it.
..............................................................................................................
early pioneer photos

http://www.members.optusnet.com.au/~aashmore ,
http://www.freewebs.com/daone89/index.htm



William Nash came to Australia as a Marine with the First Fleet 1788
William and Mariah's first child, William, was baptised on Sunday 25th May 1788
A wedding was celebrated at St Phillip's, Sydney, on 13 February 1789, between William Nash, a marine, and Maria Haynes, a convict, in the presence of Elizabeth Gratten and Samuel Barnes (Chaplain's clerk)
Mariah Haynes is not listed in John Cobley's 'Crimes of the First Fleet Convicts'
By 1803 William & Maria had separated, and she took the children with her. Maria later became associated with two other men, Robert Guy and in 1816, with William Neale.

6 Children1. William Nash born on 25 May 1788, buried on Friday 19th June 1789, a marine's child.
2. John Nash baptised 15 Jan 1792 (a family source names him William)
3. Mary Nash born 2 March 1793 and baptised 2 April
4. William Nash born 27 March 1795 and baptised 4 May
5. George Nash born 26 July 1797
6. Sarah Nash was born 16 Nov 1798
6. Sarah Nash 16 Nov 1798 wed on the 15th January 1814 at St John's, Parramatta, to John Williams (a convict), 13 children

On 25th April 2010 Stephen Hawking, leading academic and cosmologist, told the Sunday Times: “We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn’t want to meet. I imagine they might exist in massive ships, having used up all the resources from their home planet. Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonise whatever planets they can reach.” He also points out that making contact with aliens could be very risky, stating: “If aliens ever visit us, I think the outcome would be much as when Christopher Columbus first landed in America, which didn’t turn out very well for the Native Americans.”

http://www.timeanddate Home

Date and time.


EMAIL: cwok.williams6@gmail.com

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(below:) Convicts on way to 14 years penal servitude in Botany Bay. England's loss was Australia's gain. Most had committed crimes that would get them now only a fine.

Crimes of the Old Bailey.
Wallace Street and Corner Store, Braidwood
late 19th century. My father Hector Griscom Williams was born in nearby Araluen in 1909.
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Saltwater crocodiles
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2:03Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace.

scroll down for regional newspapers.

Date and time Vancouver B.C.
Disrupt - Religion is a Fraud
3 min - 12 Sep 2008
Uploaded by mrnetosanchez666

youtube.com
Church of Scientology -Fraud and Religion
4 min - 27 Dec 2009
Uploaded by reflect7

youtube.com


ww.youtube.com/watch?v=UJgciC1j-r0

John Kerswell: A Welsh plasterer transported in 1828 at the age of 20 years to 15 years for stealing. Absconding four times and charged with being drunk three times, granted ToL in 1856 and Conditional Pardon in 1857. However, he received 20 years imprisonment for attempting to stab a policeman. He was released from Port Arthur in 1875.

William Forster: At age 17 years was transported for ten years for stealing a box writing desk. Misdemeanour followed misdemeanour and sentence added to sentence until in 1864 he was sentnenced to life for robbery under arms. The last mention of him is in 1872 when he was sent to the Separate Prison for misconduct.

Alexander Woods: A soldier with the 17th Regiment, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Woods (aged 30) was transported from Canada to Port Arthur for 14 years for desertion.
Returned to Hobart with a ToL in 1853 but returned to PA again in 1865 for 15 years for burglary. He was a church attendant in 1869 and was discharged in 1875.


ow ya goin' mate? Orright, eh?

Ric Williams, blog editor Home

Welcome. If you disagree, tell me. Then I'll tell you why you're wrong.

Eureka Stockade Animated flag (Australia)australian flag pictureAboriginal Animated flag (Australia)


u tube Australia.

On a Sydney train
u tube Australia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g7zsfesQWI&NR=1
kite surfing Australia
Kings cross Sydney
Sydney
Steve Irwin crocodile clips
komodo dragon
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curious street title

Gropecunt Lane

Gropecunt Lane was a name used in Oxford, London and other Englishtowns and cities in the Middle Ages for streets where prostitutes conducted their business. The name derives from cunt, the Middle English term forfemale genitalia, and the act of groping. There was also a Gropecunt Lane inDublin, Ireland near where the Savoy Cinema is now. Later sensibilities changed many names of streets bearing this name to more polite variations.

In London, the street that was Gropecunt Lane was near the present-day site of the Barbican Centre in the City of London. The street was called Grub Street in the 18th century, but renamed Milton Street in 1830 . Another street with a similar history in Southwark is Horselydown Lane ("whores lie down"), which is just to the south of Tower Bridge, and was also the site of the famousAnchor Brewhouse.

Discovery Channel science:





first Australians



First
Australians

Video

http://www.sbs.com.au/firstaustralians/

First Australians Watch Online Now!

A new
documentary
on the history of Australia
First Australians



Sydney slums of the 40's.

Sydney Downtown You Tube.

Short history of Australia

http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200471h.html#maps
Butcher's shop Ballarat circa 1890.

ow ya goin' mate? Orright, eh?

Ric Williams, blog editor.

Welcome. Give your considered opinion , ideas , stories, photos etc about early pioneer Australia.. Ric Williams


cwok.williams6@gmail.com




http://translate.google.com/#gle.com

medical advice

http://english.aljazeera.net/

Australian videos online free.





vancouver time-lapse.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xMz2SnSWS4
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Hang-gliding at Stanwell Tops, Australia.

Comedian on Religion (F word is used)
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......................Homeless?






Views of Braidwood environs, Eden-Monaro. Here were various pioneer holdings of the Williams Family and relatives.

Overlooking Braidwood from the foothills of Mt Gillamatong
Braidwood Old Style Charm
BIG SURF Bells BeachAustralia (HD)
3 min - 14 Jun 2009
Uploaded by mcm0001

youtube.com

Official: Bondi Beach Gets Flipped! Towel ...
2 min - 3 Nov 2009
Uploaded by theflip

youtube.com
Snow Gums, Southern Alps.

Old houses West End Vancouver B.C.

Read Dallas Darling and other prominent thinkers.

(Dallas Darling is the author of Politics 501: An A-Z Reading on Conscientious Political Thought and Action, Some Nations Above God: 52 Weekly Reflections On Modern-Day Imperialism, Militarism, And Consumerism in the Context of John's Apocalyptic Vision, and The Other Side Of Christianity: Reflections on Faith, Politics, Spirituality, History, and Peace. He is a correspondent for www.worldnews.com. You can read more of Dallas' writings at www.beverlydarling.com and wn.com//dallasdarling.)
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Congressman Paul Ryan
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Professor Niall Ferguson of Harvard (video)

The Aussie Attitude to religion.

Female Convicts Rebelling, Mooning - bushrangers photo
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Call me (Canada) 1* 604 800 5017
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ic W

illiams, blog editor.

Welcome. Give your considered opinion, ideas , stories, photos etc about early pioneer Australia.. Ric Williams


Mongolia's wild horses.



hillbilly dances a jig with jug of beer animated gif

A press for fruit and grapes is useful for those making alcohol from a fruit ... Then I bring them to a boil and mash them with a potato masher untill ALL ...
homedistiller.org/wash-fruit.htm
May 29, 2009 ... Vodka is made from potatoes in the process of enzymatic conversion when the yeast ferments the sugars into ethanol.
www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DjkUbaFPCjFw
Feb 21, 2010 ... http://adf.ly/1AlWP Making alcohol is so easy just follow ...
www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DpUBoZns-j_s

(above) Sydney Harbour today.
(below)Sydney Cove 1788. Older Posts
visual history of the world

Go away, whitefella! This bin blackfella country.
G

Labels


View of Harbour...Cassis France.

Lolita, my heartthrob of the 60's.


http://freecellsearch.com/

Below: Light of my life, fire of my loins... The image that will never age: "Lolita"

(Stanley Kubrick, 1962).

lolita.gif

We come in Third with Williams.

Williams

is a patronymic form of the name William that originated in medieval England[2] and later came to be extremely popular in Wales. The meaning is derived from son or descendant of Guillemin, the French form of William. Derived from an Old French given name with Germanicelements; will = desire, will; and helm = helmet, protection.[3] It is the second most common surname in Wales and the third most common surname in the whole of the United Kingdom, the third most common in the United States of America and Australia and the fifth most common inNew Zealand.[4]

Old Harry Williams was asked how was it that the long list of Williams lead by far those of Nash over the last couple of hundred years.

"Well, let's see.Them Nashes they was more posh and they kept the family bible, so we lot had nothing to read at night.There was no T.V. in them days, and we didn't want to waste candles, so we used to all jump in bed together and make more Williams's."

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Statistics are drawn from Australian government records of 2007.[1]

NASH 4487persons

have name Nash in Australia
#NameNumber of people
1Smith114,997
2Jones56,698
3Williams55,555

Australia. The first fleet sailed from England in 1787 carrying marine William Nash and his common law wife Maria Haynes. They were the progenitors of an extensive Nash family in Australia. Another early settler was Andrew Nash. He had acquired the Woolpack Inn in Parramatta in 1821 and became well-known for the prowess of his racehorses. A later settler from Wiltshire was James Nash. He discovered gold along the Mary river in Queenland and helped precipitate the second Australian gold rush.

There were also Nash convicts in Australia. Some thrived; Robert Nash, transported on the Albemarle in 1791; John Nash on the Eleanor in 1831; and Michael Nash from Limerick, on the Rodney in 1851.
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You are not just you.

http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/the_body_politic/You are not just you. You are a community of trillions of cells and at least 100 trillion microbes acting as a community.
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Physics of the Impossible - by Michio Kaku.PDFPhysics of the Impossible - by Michio Kaku.PDF
2981K View Download

Videos for physics of the impossible...michio kaku

Physics of the Impossible
23 min - 8 Jul 2009
Uploaded by UChannel

youtube.com
Michio Kaku: "Physics of the Impossible" Talk ...
7 min - 4 May 2008
Uploaded by TalkToTara

youtube.com
Michio Kaku - 'Physics Of The Impossible' [1/2]
11 min - 21 Jul 2008
Uploaded by rishwanm

youtube.com


List of Australian Newspapers.


LEARN A LANGUAGE ONLINE

This is my niece in the Philippines who
needs serious attention from some sincere young man.

Neither here nor there.

If a man was on an escalator, but walking back down it and the elevator was located in a revolving restaurant on a large airliner going in a southerly direction and the earth was revolving on its axis and at the same time was travelling in an elliptical path around the sun, which was travelling around the galaxy, which was expanding......how many movements was the man travelling in?

Wild man of North Australia.


I met Michael (Tarzan) Fomenko(shown here at 81 years) son of a Russian Princess when I was 18 and he was twenty. He was a handsome young man. I was in love with his sister Nina Fomenko, who was gracious to me but held my ardour at arms' length. In later years I met her in North Queensland where she and her husband Brian Patrick Donnellan were cutting cane. They had no mattress to sleep on, so I bought them one. Nina was always beautiful. (Ric)
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Toonoom Falls
Situated in the heart of Royal National Park to the south of Sydney, Toonoum Falls is a pretty, 5 metre high waterfall alongside Sir Bertram Steven Drive not far from the Garie turnoff. The photo shows the falls in flood.
Location: Royal National Park.

In the fifties, I lived close to here in a rock shelter once used by Aborigines. I used to swim in this creek a little further down the hill. My family thought I was crazy and I probably was, but life here on the edge of the National Park was idyllic if you could bear the flies, mosquitoes, snakes and centipedes.. (Ric)

Aussie Little Nasties.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNEeq5qGh8I&feature=rec-LGOUT-exp_fresh+div-HM
HMS Sirius, the main Naval ship with the First Fleet, under Captain John Hunter RN. Had been built in 1780 as Berwick for the East Indies run, badly burned in a fire, and rebuilt by Navy, renamed Sirius, finally wrecked off Norfolk Island on the 14th. of April 1790

http://www.coraweb.com.au/local.htm

HMS Sirius, the main Naval ship with the First Fleet, under Captain John Hunter RN.
Had been built in 1780 as Berwick for the East Indies run, badly burned in a fire, and rebuilt by Navy, renamed Sirius, finally wrecked off Norfolk Island on the 14th. of April 1790.


Freethought Radio.
media channel,
..................................................................

australian flag picture highlight Aboriginal Animated flag (Australia)Eureka Stockade Animated flag (Australia)

*The Australian Lyre Bird is the world's best imitator; able to mimic the calls of 15 different species of birds in their locality and string the calls into a melody. Also been known to mimic the sound mobile phones.

*The echidna is such a unique animal that it is classified in a special class of mammals known asmonotremes, which it shares only with the platypus. The echidna lays eggs like a duck but suckles its young in a pouch like a kangaroo. For no apparent reason, it may decide to conserve energy by dropping its body temperature to 4 degrees and remain at that temperature from 4 to 120 days. Lab experiments have shown that the echidna is more intelligent that a cat and it has been seen using its spikes, feet and beaks to climb up crevices like a mountaineer edging up a rock chimney.

*Purple wallaby - The Purple-neck Rock Wallaby [Petrogale Purpureicollis], inhabits the Mt Isa region in Northwest Queensland. The Wallaby secretes a dye that transforms its face and neck into colours ranging from light pink to bright purple.

*The Fierce Snake or Inland Taipan has the most toxic venom of any snake. Maximum yield recorded (for one bite) is 110mg. That would probably be enough to kill over 100 people or 250,000 mice.

*The Wombat deposits square poos on logs, rocks and even upright sticks that it uses tomark its territory.

*A 10kg Tasmanian Devil is able to exert the same biting pressure as a 40kg dog. It can also eat almost a third of its body weight in a single feeding.

*Australia is the smallest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent in the world. It is the only country which is also a whole continent.

*Over 90% of Australia is dry, flat and arid. Almost three-quarters of the land cannot support agriculture in any form.

*A baby kangaroo at the time of its birth measures 2 centimetres.

birth of joey http://zzz262.multiply.com/video/item/1831

*Kangaroos need very little water to survive and are capable of going for months without drinking at all. When they do need water, they dig 'wells' for themselves; frequently going as deep as three or four feet. These 'kangaroo pits' are a common source of water for other animals living in the kangaroo's environment.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1GxAPXrUCQ

Kangaroo attacks dog, man. ^

*A kangaroo being chased by a dog may jump into a dam. If the dog gives chase, the kangaroo may turn towards the dog, then use its paws to push the dogs head underwater in order to drown it.

*Emus and kangaroos cannot walk backwards, and are on the Australian coat of arms for that reason.

*A monotreme is a animal that lays eggs and suckles its young. The world's only monotremes are the platypus and the echidna.

*The male platypus has a poisonous spine that can kill a dog and inflict immense pain on a human.

*When a specimen of the platypus was first sent to England, it was believed the Australians had played a joke by sewing the bill of a duck onto a rat.

*Box Jelly fish - The box jellyfish is considered the world's most venomous marine creature. The box jellyfish has killed more people in Australia than stonefish, sharks and crocodiles combined.

*The Sydney Funnelweb spider is considered the world's most deadly spider. It is the only spider that has killed people in less than 2 hours. Its fangs are powerful enough to bite through gloves and fingernails. The only animals without immunity to the funnelweb's venom are humans and monkeys.

*Lung fish - Queensland is home to lung fish, a living fossil from the Triassic period 350 million years ago.

Convicts


*It is estimated that by the time transportation ended in 1868, 40 per cent of Australia's English-speaking population were convicts.
*A census taken in 1828 found that half the population of NSW were Convicts, and that former Convicts made up nearly half of the free population.

*In 2007, it was estimated that 22 per cent of living Australians had a convict ancestor.

*Convicts were not sent to Australia for serious crimes. Serious crimes, such as murder, rape, or impersonating an Egyptian were given the death sentence in England.

*Crimes punishable by transportation included recommending that politicians get paid, starting a union, stealing fish from a river or pond, embezzlement, receiving or buying stolen goods, setting fire to underwood, petty theft, or being suspected of supporting Irish terrorism.

* Alcohol- It has been reported that the first European settlers in Australia drank more alcohol per head of population than any other community in the history of mankind.

* Police force - Australia's first police force was a band of 12 of the most well behaved Convicts.

* Mass moonings - In 1832, 300 female Convicts at the Cascade Female Factory mooned the Governor of Tasmania during a chapel service. It was said that in a "rare moment of collusion with the Convict women, the ladies in the Governor's party could not control their laughter.


Photo of the arrival of the Lady Juliana at Sydney Cove.

The arrival of the Lady Juliana at Sydney Cove.

http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~garter1/nash%20william.htm

Photo of Ann Marsh managing her company, the Parramatta River Boat Service.

Ann Marsh managing her company, the Parramatta River Boat Service.

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George Carlin

World conflict map. Atheist Empire.

Atheist Empire
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http://www.globalconflictmap.com/

Street views Australia

Web Link: Google unveils Street View across Australia Link opens in new browser window

aboriginal culture

http://www.electrodynamics-of-special-relativity.com/Aspect-s-Experiment

The Aspect Experiment....it changes man's scientific beliefs to unproven suppositions.

aussie comedy

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Astronomy picture of the day.(press)

In the Shadow of Saturn