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Thursday 20 May 2010
Wednesday 19 May 2010
Back to the Future 1929
- Inflation could cut its value to one loaf of bread. It has happened before to the German Mark in the 1920's.
On Tuesday, the U.S. national debt topped $9 trillion for the first time in history, according to the U.S. Treasury Department's daily accounting of the national debt. Nine trillion dollars! The number is so staggeringly high that it exceeds our ability to comprehend it in monetary units.
Million, billion, trillion – in financial terms, for most of us, it means a lot of money, really a lot of money, but that is about as specific a picture as most ordinary people can grasp.
Let's put all these “illions” into perspective. A million seconds is roughly 12 days, whereas a billion seconds is approximately 32 years.
We understand dollars. And we understand time. So it would take 12 days to pay back a million dollars at a dollar a second. But if you started right now, you'd pay back a BILLION dollars, at a dollar a second, in the year 2039.
A trillion seconds is roughly 32 thousand years. At a dollar a second, you'd pay back a TRILLION dollars in the year 34007.
The U.S. debt stands at $9 trillion. If my calculator is working, then at a dollar a second, the U.S. could be debt- free in the year 290007.
The point of that little exercise was two-fold. The first was to clarify the sheer volume of the debt; the second was to demonstrate the possibility that anybody in government really believes we can ever pay it off.
Each U.S. citizen's share of the national debt works out, according to the National Debt clock, to $29,947.50. That means the average American family of five owes, collectively, $149,737.50.
It also means that unless the average American family of five has a net worth of at least $149,737,50 in assets excluding liabilities (they don't), America is already bankrupt.http://www.dollarcollapse.com/
The way the U.S. Administration is rapidly printing currency to pay the $ 700,000,000,000 (actually closer to one+ trillion) a million dollars might buy you a meal in the future. Unemployed march in the Great Depression.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rails/timeline/index.htmlPosted by 'Ric Williams atFriday, October 24, 20080 comments Links to this post
Poverty.. poor workhouse children, England-Australia.
Hell on earth: A scene of poverty in the slum area around St Giles's in the City of London
Most Londoners preferred to forget that it even existed. When Mowbray put on his boots and walked through the Old Nichol, he passed down narrow, muddy streets, skirting pools of filthy liquid and the carcasses of dogs and cats.
Convict Children."The children of transported convict women under sentences of confinement at the Parramatta Female Factory were taken from them when they reached the age of three and taken to the Government Orphan Schools. Here the children remained until the boys were apprenticed at 10 years of age; or the girls found domestic work or married".
A portion of the convicts sentenced to transportation to New South Wales were children, mainly boys who had been convicted of minor crimes like theft. One child was Mary Haydock, who at the age of 13 had been sentenced to seven years'transportation for merely possessing ahorse that was not her own. Thepunishment delt out to those guilty ofpetty crimeswere harsh.
The young female convicts of this time were assigned to settlers asservants or worked in Female Factories in Parramattaor Hobart. Some girls were lucky and were sent to serve kind families which regarded the female convict as a member of their own family. Others were lessfortunate and were sent to homes that saw them abusedandoverworked.
During the early 1830's, male convict children were sent toTasmania'sPort Peur, which was situated near the well known and notorious Port Arthuradult's prison. These boys were usually aged 9 to 18, and were considered to be too weak to work for settlers as they were suffering frommalnutrition.
The Boy's establishment at Point Peur was built by the young boys themself during 1834. Soon the amount of boys being sent to Point Peur increased and a daily routine was established for boys to follow. At 5am they were to awake and put away the hammocks they had slept on. Next, they would be supervised by overseerswhile they washed in tanks of cold water outside. The morning continued on withprayers, breakfastand anassembly. They would then proceed to classes atworkshopswhere they were taught a trade. An hour's play was given to them at midday, which was followed by lunch. Half the boys went to school while the other half worked on the prisonfarms from 2pm until 5:30pm. The boys had yet another hour's play untildinner at 6:30pm, and boys were read to before bed. Lights out was promptly at 9pm. Boys who misbehaved were placed in solitary confinement, chained or given 30 strokes of thelash. One of the most serious cases of child rebellion was of two 14-year-old boys murderingtheir disliked overseer by hurlingstones. Some boys attempted to escape Point Peur, although most were unsuccessful and drowned at sea
In 1788 with a cargo of 552 convict men and 190 convict women. This distorted ratio of male to female was to become a constant concern for the British GovernmenT Britain was anxious for the New South Wales civil society to develop along conventional lines. Despite their concerns, the population's liaisons were unconventional. The records suggest that authorities thought that homosexuality was commonplace amongst convict men and women.
- When large scale rebellions occurred amongst convicts, the army was used to restore order. These revolts were frequenT Groups of convict men and women attacked their keepers, stole ships, torched their gaols and 'bolted' to the bush. Aboriginal Australians were asked to help track down escapees. In the Port Phillip Bay colony, the army organised units of Aboriginal Australians into a uniformed "Black Police".
- The children of transported convict women under sentences of confinement at the Parramatta Female Factory were taken from them when they reached the age of three and taken to the Government Orphan Schools. Here the children remained until the boys were apprenticed at 10 years of age; or the girls found domestic work or married.
- The First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay in 1788 with a cargo of 552 convict men and 190 convict women. This distorted ratio of male to female was to become a constant concern for the British GovernmenT Britain was anxious for the New South Wales civil society to develop along conventional lines. Despite their concerns, the population's liaisons were unconventional. The records suggest that authorities thought that homosexuality was commonplace amongst convict men and women.
- When large scale rebellions occurred amongst convicts, the army was used to restore order. These revolts were frequenT Groups of convict men and women attacked their keepers, stole ships, torched their gaols and 'bolted' to the bush. Aboriginal Australians were asked to help track down escapees. In the Port Phillip Bay colony, the army organised units of Aboriginal Australians into a uniformed "Black Police".
- The children of transported convict women under sentences of confinement at the Parramatta Female Factory were taken from them when they reached the age of three and taken to the Government Orphan Schools. Here the children remained until the boys were apprenticed at 10 years of age; or the girls found domestic work or married.
It was believed by societythat poor children should work. The most common form of employment for girls was working as adomestic servant for wealthier families. They began their day's workearly, before thehousehold had awoken, and continued working until night. Most girls started working as domestic servants from the age of 10 to 12. Other young females took upapprenticeships in thetextile industry, or worked in shops andlaundries.
Boys became apprenticed in one of a wide selection of trades at the age of 10. In most cases they went to live in the home of thecraftsperson to whom they were apprenticed. A craftsperson held theauthority to severelypunish an apprentice on the grounds of clumsiness,laziness, or anything else they thought suitable.
Children too young to serve apprenticeships or work as a servant helped look after horses, ranerrands and openedcarriage doors with the expectation of recieving atip. Some children as young as six wereemployed to complete minor tasks on farms. However, wealthy children were not expected to work -- instead they received an education. Many young children from 8 or 9, boys and girls roamed the streets and alleys of Sydneytown prostituting themselves for oral and anal sex for a few coins. There seems to have been no illegality in this and Governor Phillip remarks in his journal about this lamentable state of affairs. London in the 1780s was a rapidly burgeoning city of almost a million inhabitants, mainly proletarian. Over the previous three decades, England had been radically transformed from a nation of mainly rural dwellers, living and dying in the same hamlet, into an industrial workshop. Traditional family structures were broken up and landless labourers driven into towns and cities, where they were crowded into slums generally unfit for human habitation, entirely dependent for survival on daily wages. Life was precarious and regular work no guarantee of survival. According to one estimate, the average age of death among operatives (unskilled workers) at this time was 19 years.
John Hudson was an orphan, undoubtedly one of tens of thousands of unwanted infants abandoned by the poor and destitute. Most of these babies quickly perished. Others died more slowly from malnourishment, cold, exhaustion, neglect, cruelty or a range of diseases. Infants and children under five, overwhelmingly from the working-class, accounted for almost half of all the deaths in London during the mid-18th century.
Holden cites several contemporary observations about this social crisis. One written by Jonas Hanway in 1772 and entitled Observations on the Causes of Dissoluteness which Reigns among the Lower Classes of the People...Likewise a Plan for Preventing the Extraordinary Mortality of the Children of the Labouring Poor in London and Westminster refers to the low cash value of the children of the poor.
“Orphans... or the illegitimate children of the poorest kind of people,” according to Hanway, “are said to be sold; that is, their service for seven years is disposed of for twenty or thirty shillings; being a smaller price than the value of a terrier.”
Holden also cites Jonathan Swift's satiricalModest Proposal, written in 1729, to put the children of poor Irish to some use. “A young healthy Child... a year old, [is] a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome Food; whether Stewed, Roasted, or Boiled.” Other “advantages,” Swift writes, was that “men would become as fond of their wives during the Time of their Pregnancy as of their Mares in Foal... and it would prevent those voluntary Abortions, and that horrid Practice of Women murdering their Bastard Children".
Though written in reference to Ireland, Swift's Modest Proposal, Holden correctly observes, was “just as relevant 50 years later and for that generation of children who sailed on the First Fleet".
It is not known how Hudson survived for almost nine years before he came to official notice. Like most working class children, he was illiterate and kept no diary or written record of his life.
Holden quotes the Old Bailey Session Papers of 1783, where his brief interview with the judge at the time of his trial provide the first documented account of Hudson's existence and some indication of how he lived:
Court to Prisoner: “How old are you?”
“Going on nine.”
“What business was you bred up in?”
“None, sometimes a chimney sweeper.”
“Have you any father or mother?”
“Dead.”
“How long ago?”
“I do not know.”
Coffins of black
As a chimney-sweep, permanently blackened with layers of soot to provide some protection against the fire and heat of chimneys, Hudson was among the most visible of child labourers. But in many other respects his life was not much more wretched than that of his peers. Most children, less visible in mills, mines and foundries, commonly worked 12-hour days, many from an early age.
Many chimney-sweeps were recruited from the age of four. Small boys were needed with bones soft enough to crawl through the tiny chimney flues or “coffins of black” as the poet William Blake called them. Some chimney openings were as small as 9 x 14 inches (23 x 35 centimetres).
Holden provides a picture of the horrendous conditions facing chimney sweeps and the terrible toll it took on their health. “[E]mployed to scrape the soot from the sides of the flue, [the boys also had to] replace the mortar which had become dislodged and repair cracks in the brickwork. Oven chimneys were particularly unpleasant as deposits of congealed fat and soot made it difficult to get any firm grip. Constant lacerations were a permanent part of life. For some a relatively quick death by asphyxiation or by smoke inhalation may have been preferable to the long-term sufferings which were an occupational habit and which might have included asthma, inflammation of the eyes, burned limbs, malformed spines and legs and tuberculosis. Most horrifyingly, these young children often developed cancer of the scrotum.”
The most profitable aspect of the mastersweep's business was extinguishing flue fires. To do this the mastersweep would force the children to climb up the chimneys and extinguish the fires from the inside. “For this task, the boys entered the mouth of the chimney carrying a candle in their teeth and a scraper in their hands. They climbed by way of their knees and elbows to the top and then worked their way down.”
Indicating how much the children hated this work, Holden refers to a chimney-sweep in 1819, who gladly consented to the amputation of a leg crushed in a fall, after being told that he could not ascend another chimney with only one leg.
Hudson was a “sometimes” chimney-sweep because it was an itinerant occupation and their masters traditionally cast out apprentices during the warmer months, usually from May 1 on. The masters then set up as night-carters, a business that did not require small-limbed apprentices, and the boys left to roam the streets. The boys were also dispensed with as soon as they outgrew the narrow flues and chimneys.
Is it surprising that Hudson took to petty theft? Was there any other way to mitigate the wretched circumstances of his life? As Holden concludes, John Hudson in 1780s England was a “little black slave” with nothing to lose.
Tuesday 18 May 2010
Children for sale for sex in American-controlled Afghanistan
“Some men enjoy playing with dogs, some with women. I enjoy playing with boys,” said Allah Daad, a one-time mujahedin commander in the northern Afghan province of Kunduz.
Source: iwpr.net
The recent history of Afghanistan is one of contradictions. It took the Taliban to stop the farming of poppies for the production of Opium. It took the Soviet Union to give liberation to women. But theTaliban's decline in influence in the north with its oppressive moral code, has allowed a repulsive cultural tradition to resurface.
[q url="http://www.iwpr.net/?p=arr&s=f&o=339770&apc_state=henparr"]
The boys are kept by powerful older men, made to dance at special parties, and often sexually abused afterwards. Known as “bacha bereesh” - literally, “beardless boys”, they are under 18, with 14 the preferred age. “When I was young, I had a bacha bereesh who was the best in the region,” recalled Allah Daad, 44. “He danced like a flying pigeon.... Nobody could take his place afterwards. I kept him for three years, then left him when he matured.” Allah Daad has kept many boys over the years, and says he enjoys his “hobby”. “I am married, but I prefer boys to women,” he said. “You can’t take women with you to parties in this region, and you can’t make them dance. These boys are our [mark of] prestige.” Large halls known as “qush-khana” provide the venues for bacha baazi parties where the boys’ “owners” or “kaatah” invite their friends to watch them dancing. Late in the night, when the dancing is over, the boys are often shared with close friends, for sexual abuse. Allah Daad explained how the boys are enticed into the arrangement. “First we select boys in the village and later on we try to trick them into coming with us,” he said. “Some of them stay with us for money; they get a monthly allowance, and in return we can have them any time we want. They don’t stay with us all the time - they can do their own jobs and then just come to parties with us.”
The Warlord's Tune: Afghanistan's war on children
By Mark Bannerman for Four Corners
Updated Mon Feb 22, 2010 10:25am AEDT
Sexual slavery involving boys as young as 10 is being condoned and in many cases protected by authorities in northern Afghanistan.
In a story to be broadcast on Four Corners tonight, the practice of bacha bazi or "boy play", as well as other allegations of child abuse, are explored.
Afghan journalist Najibullah Quraishi has filmed police attending a party where a young boy is the "entertainment". The police shown on the video include one officer from the youth crime squad.
Such parties are illegal under Afghanistan law and with good reason. The "dancing boys" are in effect sex slaves. They are lured off the streets by pimps. They are taught to dance and sing, to wear make-up and to dress like girls. Then they are made to perform before large groups of men. All of them are sexually abused.
Dancing boys are a lucrative business. Powerful former warlords and businessmen love to watch them and will pay a lot of money to have their own boy for bacha bazi. Some of the boys are traded like swap cards among the rich and powerful, and if they disobey their owners they are killed or brutalised.
The trade in boys is well known to the United Nations. According to Nazir Alimy, who compiled a report on the issue for the UN, there is no doubt who is funding this practice and why the police refuse to stop it.
"According to our research these dancing boys are used by powerful men for sex," Mr Alimy said
The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan - On air and online April 20, 2010 at 9:00pm In Afghanistan today, in the midst of war and endemic poverty, an ancient tradition--banned when the Taliban were in power--has re- emerged across the country. It's called Bacha Bazi, translated literally as "boy play."
Hundreds of boys, some as young as eleven, street orphans or boys bought from poor families by former warlords and powerful businessmen, are dressed in woman's clothes, taught to sing and dance for the entertainment of male audiences, and then sold to the highest bidder or traded among the men for sex. With remarkable access inside a Bacha Bazi ring operating in Northern Afghanistan, Najibullah Quraishi, an Afghan journalist, investigates this practice, still illegal under Afghan law, talking with the boys, their families, and their masters, exposing the sexual abuse and even murders of the boys, and documenting how Afghan authorities responsible for stopping these crimes are sometimes themselves complicit in the practice. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/dancingboys
Sunday 16 May 2010
Isolated Israel refuses entry to Renowned Jew.
Chomsky refused entry into West Bank
Noam Chomsky, the internationally renowned philosopher and leading dissident US intellectual, was yesterday stopped by Israeli immigration officials from entering the West Bank to deliver a lecture.
The 81-year-old Jewish professor, an often mordant critic of the Israeli government who had been due to lecture at Birzeit University and the Institute for Palestine Studies, was refused entry at the Allenby Bridge across the river Jordan.
The bar was described by Professor Chomsky's host, the Palestinian politician Mustafa Barghouti, as a "fascist action, amounting to suppression of freedom of expression".
Professor Chomsky told Reuters from Amman, where he had returned from the crossing, that officials had refused him permission to enter the West Bank, adding: "They apparently didn't like the fact that I was due to lecture at a Palestinian university and not in Israel."
But the Israeli Ministry of Interior said last night that the bar had been a "mistake" by a member of the staff on the spot and that the Ministry had no objection to Professor Chomsky making the crossing if he was travelling directly to Ramallah, as distinct from visiting or passing through Israel.
Asked how a staff member at the crossing could have erred, an official said that the person may have wrongly responded to information held on a computer database.
Professor Chomsky, widely recognised as a giant of 20th-century linguistic philosophy as well as a prominent critic of US and Western foreign policy over decades, said that he was on a speaking tour of the region and that his schedule was too tight to attempt another entry into the West Bank.
Video:
Daisy Bates.
free university lectures online
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.............................Boer war (Sth African) War Memorial1940 Australian troops in the desert.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGhRQTPZYHQ&feature=video_response
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Tie me kangaroo down on the barbie.When he stops jumping, the steaks's ready.
Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport - Sang by Rolf Harris 02:59
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( You did a good job, gr gr gr gr grandma, and grandpa)
above: Braidwood, N.S.W. where my father Hector Williams was born
in Feb, 1909.
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Welcome. Give your considered opinion, ideas , stories, photos etc about early pioneer Australia.. 'Ric Williams
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Do you know?
Pub With No Beer - Slim Dusty 03:29
- The song made famous by the late Slim Dusty, was first written in the original Day Dawn Hotel in Ingham in north Queensland in 1943, by an Irish cane cutter Dan Sheahan, after some American soldiers drank the pub dry the previous night. > >
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- Australian Outback I: the Red Centre.
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very top...Painting of original first fleet leaving England in 1787 (Jonathan King)
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hms sirius first f HMS Sirius, the main Naval ship with the First Fleet, under Captain John Hunter RN. Australian History resourcesl | first fleet settlers | scarborough first fleet | first fleet aborigines ANN MARSH by Judy Williams, a descendant. |
http://www.members.optusnet.com.au/~aashmore , http://www.freewebs.com/daone89/index.htm William Nash came to Australia as a Marine with the First Fleet 1788 | |
6 Children | 1. William Nash born on 25 May 1788, buried on Friday 19th June 1789, a marine's child. 2. John Nash baptised 15 Jan 1792 (a family source names him William) 3. Mary Nash born 2 March 1793 and baptised 2 April 4. William Nash born 27 March 1795 and baptised 4 May 5. George Nash born 26 July 1797 6. Sarah Nash was born 16 Nov 1798 |
6. Sarah Nash 16 Nov 1798 wed on the 15th January 1814 at St John's, Parramatta, to John Williams (a convict), 13 children |
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(below:) Convicts on way to 14 years penal servitude in Botany Bay. England's loss was Australia's gain. Most had committed crimes that would get them now only a fine.
Wallace Street and Corner Store, Braidwood |
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- Don't take your love to town, by Ruby Langford Ginibi.
John Kerswell: A Welsh plasterer transported in 1828 at the age of 20 years to 15 years for stealing. Absconding four times and charged with being drunk three times, granted ToL in 1856 and Conditional Pardon in 1857. However, he received 20 years imprisonment for attempting to stab a policeman. He was released from Port Arthur in 1875.
William Forster: At age 17 years was transported for ten years for stealing a box writing desk. Misdemeanour followed misdemeanour and sentence added to sentence until in 1864 he was sentnenced to life for robbery under arms. The last mention of him is in 1872 when he was sent to the Separate Prison for misconduct.
Alexander Woods: A soldier with the 17th Regiment, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Woods (aged 30) was transported from Canada to Port Arthur for 14 years for desertion.
Returned to Hobart with a ToL in 1853 but returned to PA again in 1865 for 15 years for burglary. He was a church attendant in 1869 and was discharged in 1875.
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Gropecunt Lane
Gropecunt Lane was a name used in Oxford, London and other Englishtowns and cities in the Middle Ages for streets where prostitutes conducted their business. The name derives from cunt, the Middle English term forfemale genitalia, and the act of groping. There was also a Gropecunt Lane inDublin, Ireland near where the Savoy Cinema is now. Later sensibilities changed many names of streets bearing this name to more polite variations.In London, the street that was Gropecunt Lane was near the present-day site of the Barbican Centre in the City of London. The street was called Grub Street in the 18th century, but renamed Milton Street in 1830 . Another street with a similar history in Southwark is Horselydown Lane ("whores lie down"), which is just to the south of Tower Bridge, and was also the site of the famousAnchor Brewhouse.
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We come in Third with Williams.
Williams
is a patronymic form of the name William that originated in medieval England[2] and later came to be extremely popular in Wales. The meaning is derived from son or descendant of Guillemin, the French form of William. Derived from an Old French given name with Germanicelements; will = desire, will; and helm = helmet, protection.[3] It is the second most common surname in Wales and the third most common surname in the whole of the United Kingdom, the third most common in the United States of America and Australia and the fifth most common inNew Zealand.[4]Old Harry Williams was asked how was it that the long list of Williams lead by far those of Nash over the last couple of hundred years.
"Well, let's see.Them Nashes they was more posh and they kept the family bible, so we lot had nothing to read at night.There was no T.V. in them days, and we didn't want to waste candles, so we used to all jump in bed together and make more Williams's."
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Statistics are drawn from Australian government records of 2007.[1]
NASH 4487personshave name Nash in Australia
# | Name | Number of people |
---|---|---|
1 | Smith | 114,997 |
2 | Jones | 56,698 |
3 | Williams | 55,555 |
Australia. The first fleet sailed from England in 1787 carrying marine William Nash and his common law wife Maria Haynes. They were the progenitors of an extensive Nash family in Australia. Another early settler was Andrew Nash. He had acquired the Woolpack Inn in Parramatta in 1821 and became well-known for the prowess of his racehorses. A later settler from Wiltshire was James Nash. He discovered gold along the Mary river in Queenland and helped precipitate the second Australian gold rush.
There were also Nash convicts in Australia. Some thrived; Robert Nash, transported on the Albemarle in 1791; John Nash on the Eleanor in 1831; and Michael Nash from Limerick, on the Rodney in 1851.
final scene gallipoli
You are not just you.
Physics of the Impossible - by Michio Kaku.PDF 2981K View Download |
Videos for physics of the impossible...michio kaku
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Neither here nor there.
world population
world time and weather
Wild man of North Australia.
Toonoom Falls
Situated in the heart of Royal National Park to the south of Sydney, Toonoum Falls is a pretty, 5 metre high waterfall alongside Sir Bertram Steven Drive not far from the Garie turnoff. The photo shows the falls in flood.
Location: Royal National Park.
Aussie Little Nasties.
Lecture on Charles Darwin
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- convicts' jail (1)
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- some were not in irons and many lived through the voyage. (1)
- the biggest one got away (1)
- to leave Britain. The hanging cart (1)
new blogs
http://www.coraweb.com.au/local.htm
HMS Sirius, the main Naval ship with the First Fleet, under Captain John Hunter RN.
Had been built in 1780 as Berwick for the East Indies run, badly burned in a fire, and rebuilt by Navy, renamed Sirius, finally wrecked off Norfolk Island on the 14th. of April 1790.
*The Australian Lyre Bird is the world's best imitator; able to mimic the calls of 15 different species of birds in their locality and string the calls into a melody. Also been known to mimic the sound mobile phones.
*The echidna is such a unique animal that it is classified in a special class of mammals known asmonotremes, which it shares only with the platypus. The echidna lays eggs like a duck but suckles its young in a pouch like a kangaroo. For no apparent reason, it may decide to conserve energy by dropping its body temperature to 4 degrees and remain at that temperature from 4 to 120 days. Lab experiments have shown that the echidna is more intelligent that a cat and it has been seen using its spikes, feet and beaks to climb up crevices like a mountaineer edging up a rock chimney.
*Purple wallaby - The Purple-neck Rock Wallaby [Petrogale Purpureicollis], inhabits the Mt Isa region in Northwest Queensland. The Wallaby secretes a dye that transforms its face and neck into colours ranging from light pink to bright purple.
*The Fierce Snake or Inland Taipan has the most toxic venom of any snake. Maximum yield recorded (for one bite) is 110mg. That would probably be enough to kill over 100 people or 250,000 mice.
*The Wombat deposits square poos on logs, rocks and even upright sticks that it uses tomark its territory.
*A 10kg Tasmanian Devil is able to exert the same biting pressure as a 40kg dog. It can also eat almost a third of its body weight in a single feeding.
*Australia is the smallest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent in the world. It is the only country which is also a whole continent.
*Over 90% of Australia is dry, flat and arid. Almost three-quarters of the land cannot support agriculture in any form.
*A baby kangaroo at the time of its birth measures 2 centimetres.
birth of joey http://zzz262.multiply.com/video/item/1831
*Kangaroos need very little water to survive and are capable of going for months without drinking at all. When they do need water, they dig 'wells' for themselves; frequently going as deep as three or four feet. These 'kangaroo pits' are a common source of water for other animals living in the kangaroo's environment.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1GxAPXrUCQ
Kangaroo attacks dog, man. ^
*A kangaroo being chased by a dog may jump into a dam. If the dog gives chase, the kangaroo may turn towards the dog, then use its paws to push the dogs head underwater in order to drown it.
*Emus and kangaroos cannot walk backwards, and are on the Australian coat of arms for that reason.
*A monotreme is a animal that lays eggs and suckles its young. The world's only monotremes are the platypus and the echidna.
*The male platypus has a poisonous spine that can kill a dog and inflict immense pain on a human.
*When a specimen of the platypus was first sent to England, it was believed the Australians had played a joke by sewing the bill of a duck onto a rat.
*Box Jelly fish - The box jellyfish is considered the world's most venomous marine creature. The box jellyfish has killed more people in Australia than stonefish, sharks and crocodiles combined.
*The Sydney Funnelweb spider is considered the world's most deadly spider. It is the only spider that has killed people in less than 2 hours. Its fangs are powerful enough to bite through gloves and fingernails. The only animals without immunity to the funnelweb's venom are humans and monkeys.
*Lung fish - Queensland is home to lung fish, a living fossil from the Triassic period 350 million years ago.
u tube Australia.
Convicts
*It is estimated that by the time transportation ended in 1868, 40 per cent of Australia's English-speaking population were convicts.*A census taken in 1828 found that half the population of NSW were Convicts, and that former Convicts made up nearly half of the free population.
*In 2007, it was estimated that 22 per cent of living Australians had a convict ancestor.
*Convicts were not sent to Australia for serious crimes. Serious crimes, such as murder, rape, or impersonating an Egyptian were given the death sentence in England.
*Crimes punishable by transportation included recommending that politicians get paid, starting a union, stealing fish from a river or pond, embezzlement, receiving or buying stolen goods, setting fire to underwood, petty theft, or being suspected of supporting Irish terrorism.
* Alcohol- It has been reported that the first European settlers in Australia drank more alcohol per head of population than any other community in the history of mankind.
* Police force - Australia's first police force was a band of 12 of the most well behaved Convicts.
* Mass moonings - In 1832, 300 female Convicts at the Cascade Female Factory mooned the Governor of Tasmania during a chapel service. It was said that in a "rare moment of collusion with the Convict women, the ladies in the Governor's party could not control their laughter.
The arrival of the Lady Juliana at Sydney Cove.
The arrival of the Lady Juliana at Sydney Cove. |
Ann Marsh managing her company, the Parramatta River Boat Service. |
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God & the Origin of Life: Myth of the Organic ... Uploaded by OriginofLifeFinal video.google.com |
Origin of Life 1. Life Came From Other Planets ... Uploaded by Sarastarlight youtube.com |
History of Australia in brief.
George Carlin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=CA&v=B6AZvtUEQS0
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