Sundry Links

The First Fleet.

Some of the" non- persons" Australia was stolen from.

1717-1776 Over 30,000 people are transported to the colonies in the West Indies and America as punishment for crimes committed. The American victory in the War of Independence means that sending convicts to America is no longer an option. 1776 Prison ships, called hulks, are first used to house prisoners. The hulks are moored on the River Thames and, as part of the punishment, the prisoners are set to work at cleaning the river. 1777 John Howard publishes his highly critical survey of prisons in England and Wales. 1788 The 'First Fleet' of convict ships arrives in Port Jackson (now Sydney), Australia. The fleet consists of 1030 people, of whom 548 are male convicts and 188 are female convicts. Transportation becomes a well-used punishment. It has been estimated that about one-third of all convicted criminals were transported to Australia and Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania). Early 1800s The number of offences carrying the death penalty reaches a high point. Over 200 offences are now classed as capital offences. This includes pick-pocketing anything worth more than 2s or stealing anything worth more than £2. Juries become reluctant to convict people on minor charges as they do not want to condemn a person to death. This becomes an increasing cause of concern for the authorities. 1808 The penalty for pick-pocketing is changed from hanging to transportation for life. 1810 Work starts on the building of a new prison in Durham. The new prison has 600 cells and takes it first prisoners in 1819. 1823 The Gaol Act was introduced to try and improve the system of criminal justice. The death sentence is lifted from 130 minor offences, it is ruled that jailers are to be paid wages rather than fees and attempts at improving conditions in prisons were made (including forbidding alcohol and ensuring that female prisoners were looked after by female guards). 1829 Sir Robert Peel establishes the Metropolitan Police Force in London. The 'Peelers' or 'Bobbies' wore blue uniforms and tall hats and carried truncheons in a deliberate attempt to look different to soldiers. The first recruits were of poor cailbre: out of the original 2800 policemen, only 600 kept their jobs. Many were sacked because they were drunk. 1829 The last hanging for forgery took place. 1833 The last hanging of a juvenile took place. 1834 The practice of hanging in chains or gibbet irons was formally abolished. 1836 The last hanging for arson took place.

http://gutenberg.net.au/first-fleet.html

Captain, John Hunter (1793) said of his human cargo, "....the convicts (were) some of the worst characters ever sent out from Great Britain."

By standards today most of the convicts' "crimes" would be considered misdemeanors subject to a fine. In those grim days anyone stealing something of value above one guinea was sentenced to be hung (even children.) ************************************************************************************* I must learn to type as fast as this, but my two fingers get very tired already. Some interesting Links: http://www.amw.com/ America's Most Wanted http://www.interpol.int/Public/Wanted/Default.asp Interpol Most Wanted http://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/ free university. http://www.youtube.com/ youtube http://maps.google.com/ google maps. http://earth.google.com/ google earth http://www.lib.utc.edu/interesting-websites.html great sites, but a bit technical. http://particleadventure.org/index.html quantum physics explained. http://www.radiofreeworld.com/ free internet radio stations and other media. http://www.cucirca.com/2007/02/21/13-places-to-watch-tv-online-for-free/ free t. v. (also try other sites "free t.v." on google.) http://wwitv.com/portal.htm free t.v. http://members.iinet.com.au/~perthdps/convicts/list.html Convicts to Australia http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/convicts/ Convicts and prostitution in the British Colony of Australia http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/inpictures/webcams.shtml Wales webcams. http://www.quackwatch.org/05Links/othersites.html more interesting sites http://www.katkam.caVancouver webcam http://www.horseracing.bigpond.com/ Bigpond Australian Horse Racing Results http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/ -->http://www.topix.net/ Topix.net http://www.kgoam810.com/complexshowdj.asp?DJID=3284 KGO San Francisco. http://www.art-online.com/category.aspx?id=1560 art online http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/global/ London Times http://www.nytimes.com/ New York Times http://www.smh.com.au/ SM.H.com.au (Granny Herald) http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/symptoms.html medical symptoms. http://easytide.ukho.gov.uk/EasyTide/EasyTide/index.aspx world past present and future.tides http://www.ac.by/science/index.html sites about science. http://www.calculator.com/calcs/calc_sci.html scientific calculator. http://www.phys.uu.nl/~thooft/theorist.html about physics. http://www.timeanddate.com/ world time http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/ Proceedings from the Old bailey (fascinating court cases, many of convicts to the Oz. http://www.members.optusnet.com.au/~aashmore/saransh1.htm "Sarah Nash and John Williams" (Carol Baxter's site) http://www.cooma.nsw.gov.au/monaropioneers/williams-w.htm or try http://www.monaropioneers.com/ "Monaro Pioneers" Look up Williams or Nash and other family members.If it does not work look up Monaro Pioneers on google. http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yonkers/ "Our Williams Story." http://www.ac.by/country/index.html check out Belarus, especially art. http://www.humanitas-international.org/newstran/index.html NEWSTRAN.COM (translations from thousands of newspapers) http://ninglun.wordpress.com/about/this-blog-comes-to-you- from-surry-hills/ "Lines from a Floating Life" (An interesting website) http://www.patricksenecal.com/webcams/w-english0835.php North Sydney webcam (does not seem to work from this website??)Free international calls below also. You may have to highlight, copy and paste onto google. Note, it is one unbroken line.

http://www.pc-telephone.com/pc-to-pc.htm

Another free telephone website.But just look up google" free international telephone calls."

Australian Bureau of Meteorology and ABC Weather http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Agora/4229//free_ international.html (It's supposed to be one line but it won't fit. Here's more than five, in case you have already seen some before: AnyBirthday http//www.anybirthday.com A unique site - it has a database containing the birthdays of most adult Americans. Their paid service is awesome for adoptees - enter a first name and birth date, and it returns where they live. Terraserver http://terraserver.microsoft.com/ High resolution satellite photos of the USA, for free. Get an aerial view of where you live. Half Bakery http://www.halfbakery.com/ "The Halfbakery is a communal database of original, fictitious inventions, edited by its users. It was created by people who like to speculate, both as a form of satire and as a form of creative expression." Anomalies Unlimited http://www.anomalies-unlimited.com/ A fun site covering a lot of conspiracy theories, and wacky stuff like Michael Jacksons face, rude images in Disney cartoons and the Shroud of Turin. Gas Price Watch http://www.gaspricewatch.com/ "We monitor gas prices across the country so you can get the best deal in your area. Search our database to find the lowest gas prices in your area." The Onion http://www.theonion.com Funny newspaper. Landover Baptist http://www.landoverbaptist.org/ The Onion of religious sites. Singing Fish http://www.singingfish.com Not many people have heard of it yet, but this is easily the best way to find streaming media. The End of the Internet http://www.shibumi.org/eoti.htm Exactly as it says. Family Search http://www.familysearch.org The Mormons have put their genealogical database online for anyone to use. Obsolete Computer Museum http://www.obsoletecomputermuseum.org Anyone who likes telling friends how their first computer only had 1K of RAM will dig this archive of memorabilia. ***************************************************************************************** ULTIMATELY YOU HAVE TO ACCEPT WHAT WILL HAPPEN. Whatever will be, will be. So make the most of your life. Don't waste it. There's nothing coming afterwards. No heaven or hell. You have one chance only.